Extraction of copper mining, concentration, smelting. Recovery of copper from oxide copper ore by flotation and leaching kiraz, emirhan m. Just like in blast furnaces, calcium carbonate is added as a flux to create the slag. Contemporary copper, a handbook of sheet copper fundamentals, 1976 4106. They are located directly at the mines to achieve low transport costs.
Ayres et al the life cycle of copper, its coproducts and byproducts vi table 5. A heap of this form approximately contains 100,000 tons of ore. Project opportunities in production of copper ingotscopper. If excess ammonia is added, copperii hydroxide redissolves, forming the deep blue copperii ammonia complex, cunh 3 4.
Project opportunities in production of copper ingots. Volume iv pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 1 smelting operations, ancillary operations and furnance integrity j. Does our copper free aluminum comply with grade 5000. Copper concentrators typically treat up to 100 000 t of ore per day. Purchase extractive metallurgy of copper 2nd edition. No warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, are made to you as to the text or any medium it may be on, including but not limited to warranties of merchantablity or. In nature, metals generally occur either in free form or in combined form.
You may find specifications and standards that are not relevant to your area. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures personal precautions. Copper is a metallic substance that is naturally present in many aspects of nature. The b o o k presents analyses of a number of typical industrial processes in the terms of the physical chemist. Copper is associated with base metals such as nickel and cobalt. In situ ultrasonic synthesis and characterization of nanocopperpoly. Some of the things it is found in naturally include. Refer to section 8 of sds for personal protection details. Copper smelting means that the concentrated ore is heated strongly with silicon dioxide silica, calcium carbonate caco 3 and air in a furnace. Principles of pyrometallurgy book pdf best of all, they are entirely free to find, use and download, so there is no cost or stress at all. There are two ways of smelting copper, one is pyrometallurgy, the other hydrometallurgical. Copper later played an important role in the advent of electricity and today is still among our most valued materials. Article information, pdf download for in situ ultrasonic synthesis and characterization of.
The ore, ranging from 6065% silica, with pyrite, arsenopyrite, and calcite with 3 to 4% copper. Copper that is mined from copper ore, after beneficiation, becomes high quality copper concentrate. As the mineral is added, the building of the stone chimneys keeps pace, in order to have a clear opening to the top of the heap. If in doubt, or in case very precise data is required, we recommend our readers to contact the local building construction. Did you know at least 160 copper bearing minerals have been identified in nature. Copper being a major industrial metal, ranks third after iron and aluminium in terms of quantity consumed. If in doubt, or in case very precise data is required, we recommend our readers to contact the local building construction authorities, chamber of commerce or similar. As the copper is confined to layers of black muck, the conclusion is inevitable that something in these layers causes the precipitation of metallic copper.
Foreword the discovery of copper by primitive people provided a transition from the stone age to the metal ages copper, bronze, and iron. Copper 2003cobre 2003 fifth in a series of international conferences devoted to the economics, the mineral processing, the extractive metallurgy, the environment and the applications of copper. Microstructure and properties of copper thin films on silicon substrates august 2007 vibhor vinodkumar jain, b. Copper chemistry history for the chapter on copper chemistry from the elsevier text chemistry of the elements by greenwood and earnshaw see online metals based surveys this site now seems to have gone offline. As a result, the metal from the furnace can be less pure than the individual metal grains that were originally in the ground. The titrimetric determination of copperi, copperii and. G of a reaction is a measure of the thermodynamic driving force that makes a reaction occur. Then, after being smelted, refined copper and copper products are yielded. Copper has the best electrical conductivity of any metal, except silver. Beneficiation by froth flotation of ore to give copper concentrate. Kshirsagar 1 ramakant shrivastava1 prakash s adwani 1department of mechanical engineering, government engineering college, aurangabad india email. Years of troublefree service in installations here and abroad have built a new reputation for copper piping in its modern formlight, strong, corrosion resistant tube. Extracting copper from copper ironsulfide ores melting and casting cathode copper recycle of copper and copper alloy scrap suggested reading references 2 production and use 2. Acknowledgments we are grateful to the many individuals who shared their special knowledge, expertise, and information about the copper industry, copper markets, and production technology with the ota staff.
For a variety oftechnical and economic reasons, theseoresoften cannot beprocessed by normal flotation and pyrometallurgical techniques. Also as irregular distortions, in twisted, wirelike shapes. The horne smelter was the site of the original noranda reactor commissioned during march 1973. Xinghang zhang copper has become the metal of choice for metallization, owing to its high electrical and. Oxygenfree copper is produced from electrorefined cathode copper which is melt and cast in a reducing atmosphere of co and n to prevent o. The philosophy that, because many smelters are situated in remoteareas, particularly inacountry likesouth africa, the abatement of sulphur dioxide pollution isnotvery important isunlikely. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pyrometallurgy the science and technology of hightemperature metallurgical processes. Primary metal production michigan technological university. Copper i can be determined in the presence of copper ii by oxidation with an excess of potassium iodate, the copper ii being masked with oxalate. These include a range of brick and castable formulations that can withstand high temperatures and the adverse effects of slag. Copper sulphides consist of minerals such as chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, cubanite, and enargite. No serious hydrometallurgical competitors to copper pyrometallurgy emerged, however, the cyprus ci leachci precipitationh2 reduce process which was announced 28 could be interesting for small plants while the recently presented sherrittcominco copper process seems overly complex. Mustafa umit atalay december 2014, 65 pages the aim of this study was the recovery of copper from the oxide copper ore by froth flotation and agitating sulphuric acid h 2 so 4 leaching. As part of a broad mission to conduct research and provide information. By increasing the h 2 so 4 concentration and decreasing copper smelting dust in leaching environment a higher amount of acid.
For many applications, properties of copper can be readily customized. Morenci western copper concentrate mineralogy ymixed chalcopyrite, covellite, chalcocite, pyrite medium temperature and direct electrowinning mtdew process selected ybest fit with morenci concentrate production and acid balance yutilize existing ew and sx capacity at morenci copper production capacity 75,000 tons per year. Page 206 and lines are alternately dumped until the height of the mass at the edge is about 30 feet, the upper surface of the mineral being kept level. The precipitating material differs from the nonpre cipitating material in two. The method can be extended to include elemental copper which. Copper 2003cobre 2003 fifth in a series of international conferences devoted to the economics, the mineral processing. Energy consumption, emissions, wastes and byproducts from the production of 1 tonne of copper from secondary materials a, germany 1992. The unconsumed iodate is determined iodimetrically and the total copper is then determined on the same solution by demasking with acid and iodide, followed by iodimetric titration. So copper is a lattice of positive copper ions with free electrons moving between them. About 95 % of the ore input goes into the tailings, which are stored in large dams near the mine and are used for. Iodometric determination of copper college of charleston.
Environmental precautions environmental precautions. The 1987 and 1995 conferences were hosted by chile, whereas the 1991 and 1999 conferences were held, respectively, in ottawa, canada and phoenix, usa. Generally, low reactive metals shows little affinity towards air, moisture, carbon dioxide or other nonmetals present in nature. Preparation and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles and determination of enhancement in critical heat flux jagdeep m. There is also an enormous production of waste material e. Differentialflotation processes for mixed sulphides seldom giveascleanaseparation asdesired, andinsomeinstances.
If a blast furnace is used, this copper is charged to a converter, where the purity is increased to about 80 to 90 percent, and then to a reverberatory furnace, where copper of about 99 percent purity is achieved. Extractive metallurgy of copper details the process of extracting copper from its ore. Usage of copper compounds also dates back to before 4000 bc. Pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. The life cycle of copper, its coproducts and byproducts. To evaporate by direct fire under the bottom of a pan is very inefficient and wasteful, and in the present case, in which no other metal but lead can be used for the pan, it requires great care and watchfulness to avoid melting the metal. This is accomplished by oxidizing copper with elemental sulfur, since copper has a higher af. In those days, stainless steel manufacturers required ferrochromium with. The above flowsheet is designed for the treatment by flotation of copper as chalcopyrite with gold and silver values. Forsyth, dealt with the use of south africas lowgrade chromite ores in the direct production of stainless steel.
The first published paper2 in this field, written by r. Hydrometallurgical production of copper from flotation. This paper presents a postmortem study carried out in a peircesmith converter psc. Technology and competitiveness princeton university. Pyrometallurgy article about pyrometallurgy by the free.
Hydrometallurgy of copper william eckert greenawalt. Anh refractories manufactures a complete line of refractories for use in copper production. Fabrication and cold drawing of copper covetic nanostructured carbon composites otrzymywanie oraz ciagnienia kompozytow miedzianych typu covetic o strukturze nanometrycznej this paper presents the research results of copper covetic metallurgical synthesis along with the characterization of cast material and the processing of casts into wires. Nanocopper nanocupolyacetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate. Copper in chalcopyrite is reduced to copper sulfide. Copper sulphate for example was an especially important compound in early times. The definition of copper free aluminum is that it contains less than 0. Copper is an important nonferrous metal used in various forms for different applications. After enrichment steps, the copper concentrates are usually treated by pyrometallurgical methods. Smelting of lowgrade copper scrap begins with melting in either a blast or a rotary furnace, resulting in slag and impure copper.
Dec 01, 2003 copper 2003cobre 2003 fifth in a series of international conferences devoted to the economics, the mineral processing, the extractive metallurgy, the environment and the applications of copper. The adventure of the copper beeches sherlock holmes. Presently, copper is used in building construction. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores. Generally, copper extraction follows the sequence see figure below. If the excess of ammonia is large, a large quantity of ammonium acetate will be produced later. The method can be extended to include elemental copper which can. We use alloy 5005 and 5052 in aluminum sheet components, both of which are copper free. Hydrometallurgical production of copper from flotation concentrates by j. Loverinq spongy masses of native copper, found in a bog near cooke, mont.
A cost driver in copper production is the periodical relining of the furnaces because of wear. The copper book for architecture, is distributed in many countries. Usgs mineral resources program coppera metal for the ages. Flowsheet for treatment of copper sulfide ores rich in minerals such as chalcopyrite with gold and silver as well as arsenopyrite. Roasting is a process in which the concentrated ore is heated in a free supply of air at. Such metals may remain in elemental or native free state in nature. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from.
Copperi can be determined in the presence of copperii by oxidation with an excess of potassium iodate, the copperii being masked with oxalate. Copper is a reddish malleable and ductile metal valued for its excellent thermal and electrical conducting qualities and resistance to corrosion. Copper cu c 20012005 mineral data publishing, version 1 crystal data. Pyrometallurgy was a prominent part of minteks work during the 1930s. This text is provided to you asis without any warranty. Free download of pitted copper vray material for maya and 3ds max. The qualities of copper that have made it the material. Mechanism of interaction of copper sulfate with natural calcium carbonates, responsible for low residual copper concentrations in solutions and for the behavior of open and closed systems in storage is considered. Copper consumption changes from 1980 through 2008 for india, the united states, china, and the rest of the world. Rice united states department of the interior bruce babbitt, secretary bureau of mines this report is based upon research conducted under an agreement between the university of alabama and the bureau of mines.
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